Deforestación 3 SANDRACABANILI_AS I 02, 2010 | S pagos DEFORESTACION The deforestation is a process provoked generally by the human action, in which the forest surface is destroyed. Is directly caused by the action of the man on the nature, principally due to the felling or burning realized by the industry maderera, as well as for the obtaining soil for the agriculture and ranching. To remove trees without an efficient reforestation, it results in a serious hurt to the habitat, loss of biodiversity and aridity. It has an adverse impact in the fixation of atmospheric carbon C02).
The deforested regions tend to an erosion of the soil and frequently they degenerate to not productive lands. Carelessness and ignorance, lack of attributed value, slightly demanding managing of the forestation and deficient environmental laws. The are factors that lead that the deforestation happe ors In many countries th efo.. = se xtinction, changes in the climatic conditi s. des n a dlsplacement of indigenous populatio The deforestation is an ancient process that has been increased in the last three centuries, with an average of Six million hectares per year.
Principally north took place in the Hemisphere in the XVIIIth and XIXth century, though in the 20th century south began to be realized in the Hemisphere, especially in the tropiclt does approximately eight thousand years, the human beings started felling forests in Small but significant quantities, though for alone it they were having axes Swipe to vlew next page axes of sílex. al jungles ofthe region of the Amazon As the agriculture was spreading the human beng was cleaning the soil of trees and shrubs to allow that the light of the Sun should come up to the soil.
Clear it was done by the method of poiling and being hot. After a year or two, during the dry station were burning the fallen residues and the dead trees and it was sowed in the soil enriched with the ashes. In Six thousand years that go until the beginning ofthe historical age, even it does approximately two thousand years, the man was improving his tools to work the land and he was having axes and ploughs of the Age ofthe Bronze and after the Age of the Iron, as well as oxen and domesticated horses that were pulling the ploughs.
These advances did that the agriculture was gaining lands to the forest that was felled there where this one eveloped. It does two thousand years, in China, India, the South and Europe’s west and the Mediterranean Maghreb, as well as in the Iow lands of Central America and the high lands of Peru there were used agricultural sophisticated practices (diversified cultures, multiple plantations and baby of cattle). All these regions are naturally wooded, and the large-scale agriculture demanded to sell these trees.
In the year 1 089, Guillermo Conquering ordered to realize the study Doomsday, a study of his new domains (England). This study demonstrated that 85 % ofthe ields had been deforested, as well as 90 % of the cultivable land (of altitude Iower than thousand meters). Seven centuries before the industrial age, Great Britai RI_IFS altitude Iower than thousand meters). Seven centuries before the industrial age, Great Britain was totally deforested and many of the «forests» that were staying were protected as reservations of hunt for the royalty and the nobility.
The first trustworthy census of China dates back to the dynasty They have, it does near thousand years and for then the country had 57 million inhabitants, with a density that was rebling that of England in the moment ofthe study Doomsday What was implying that both China and India and Indonesia, densely populated zones were deforested already it does two thousand years The islands of the Caribou, as also you depart from Mexico and Central Amenca, they were relylng on a great forest wealth, which Maria was composed of Wood as mahogany and Stick, between others_ With the arrival of the Spanish to America it began the exploitation of these forests, for the construction and the extraction of chemical elements tinctures, as also his utilization as fuels. Before a dangerous increase of the consumption, the Spanish monarchy promulgated laws to regulate the utilization of the forests and not to compromise to the environment. Befare the British power in the seas, the kings Philip V, Fernando VI and Carlos III stimulated the creation of shipyards in sorne American cities, as Havana, Campeche, Guayaquil, I Re-remove, Nicoya, Panama, The Callao and Coatzacoalcos, with the aim to recover the naval power that had got lost. Before this situation, a great demand of wood took place for the construction of these ships. In the present, the d 31_1fS
In the present, the deforestation happens, principally, in Latin America, Western Africa and sorne reglons of Asia. A third part of the total of the land this cover for forests, which it represents near 4 000 million hectares_ There are 10 countries that concentrate two thirds of this forest heritage: Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, India, Indonesia, Peru, the Russian Federation and the USA These they have been exploited for years for the obtaining of wood, fruits, substances produced by different species or for accessions of human population, ranching and agriculture. In the jungles of the Amazon, for example, the Brazilian government has encouraged a rapid growth in the last decades.
A super-road was constructed in the regions by major density of forests, in the heart of the country, and promoted human accessions and urbanizations in them In the most developed countries other aggressions take place, as the acid rain, which they compromise the survival of the forests, situation that is tried to control by means of the exigency of quality requirements for the fuels, as the limitation of the content of sculpture. In the least developed countries the wooded masses diminish ear after year, whereas in the industrialized countries they are recovering due to the social pressures, reconvirtiéndose the forests in tourist attractions and places of scattering.
Whereas the felling tree of the tropical pluviselva has attracted more attention, the dry tropical fo 406 S Whereas the felling tree ofthe tropical pluviselva has attracted more attention, the dry tropical forests are getting lost in a substantially major rate, especially as result of the technologies used of felling and burning to be replaced by cultures. The loss of biodiversity is correlated generally by the felling tree. The deforestation is an encient process that has been increased in the last three centuries, with an average of Six million hectares per year. Principally north took place in the Hemisphere in the XVIIIth and XIXth century, though in the 20th century south began to be realized in the Hemisphere, especially in the tropical jungles of the Amazonian region.
Recent investigations have demonstrated that the deforestation can concern very much the quantity of ran fallen in a place and other climatic phenomena, providing that such modifications are of great magnitude and include a Wide zone. The adduced argument is that an extension of the vegetable cover might increase the rain, and that a decrease of the same one might reduce. In a model of general atmospheric traffic elaborated by the Laboratory of Atmospheric Sciences Goddard there has been demonstrated that the big changes in the vegetable cover concern the rain. However, it is not the vegetation the determinant factor, but rather the correlation between the dampness ofthe soil, the vegetation and the energy (fundamentally solar) that needs to turn the water into water steam that forms a part of the air. SÜFS
